EIP6 Punishment

52. Prolegomenon to the Principles of Punishment — H. L. A. Hart

53. Does Punishment Work? — John Paul Wright, Francis T. Cullen, and Kevin M. Beaver

54. Criminal Sentencing — Douglas Husak

55. Just Deserts in an Unjust Society — Stuart P. Green

56. To Protect and Serve — Policing of Minorities — John Kleinig

Adams, Randall Dale. Radio Interview. Adams was mistakenly charged with killing a Dallas policeman, and spent three years on death row. His life was the subject of the movie The Thin Blue Line. [RealAudio]
American Bar Association's statement on the death penalty in the United States.
American Society of Criminology (official association of professional criminologists). Official statement on the death penalty; and a recent policy paper on the death penalty.
Bedau, Hugo. "The Case against the Death Penalty." Bedau is one of the leading academic spokespeople against the death penalty.
Death Penalty Information Center. Numerous resources on bias, costs, etc.
Links on the death penalty (from the Clark County Prosecuting Attorney). Useful resource.
Mill, John Stuart. "Speech in Favor of Capital Punishment."
Penry v. Lynaugh, 492 U.S. 302 (1989). The Supreme Court ruled 5–4 that it is not cruel and unusual to sentence a retarded person to death. That view was later overturned in Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002).
van den Haag, Ernest. "The Ultimate Punishment: A Defense." (1996) Harvard Law Review Association.

Barnett, Cynthia. "The Measurement of White-Collar Crime Using Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Data."
Bureau of Justice Statistics. Governmental statistics on incarceration rates, capital punishment, crime rates, prosecution, etc.
Conroy, John & Rob Warden. "The High Cost of Wrongful Convictions." Accounting of the human and financial costs of wrongful criminal convictions.
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Main government site concerned with juvenile justice; links to resources.
Legal Information Center, Cornell Law School.
Lead and crime? Research suggesting that atmospheric lead may cause criminality.
National Criminal Justice Reference Service. U.S. Department of Justice information and statistics on crime, victimization, courses, etc.
National Crime Victimization Survey. Detailed annual survey indicating who was victimized, by whom, and in what ways.
National White Collar Crime Center.
Racial prejudice in punishment (Human Rights Watch).
Sentencing Project. Data on punishment, incarceration rates, capital punishment, disenfranchisement of felons, etc.
Sourcebook on Crime. Compilation of statistics from more than 100 sources; compiled by SUNY–Albany.
Uniform Crime Reports (FBI). Most recent.

American Bar Association — Criminal Justice Section. Proposed standards, changes in current laws, etc.
Bentham, Jeremy. The Rationale of Punishment. A utilitarian account of punishment, including aims and forms.
Duff, Antony. "Legal Punishment." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Detailed introduction with bibliography.
Families Against Mandatory Minimums. Citizens opposed to laws that do not give judges discretion in sentencing.
Kleinig, John. "The Hardness of Hard Treatment." A philosopher at John Jay College discusses the trend toward harsh punishments.
Murphy, Jeffrie. "Punishment and Retribution." Radio interview on the included paper. [RealAudio]
Pasquerella, Lynn. "Making Hard Times Ever Harder." Radio interview on the included paper. [RealAudio]
Rawls, John. "Two Concepts of Rules." Attempts to show that the best understanding of punishment includes elements of both deterrence and retribution.
Restorative Justice. From the Center for Restorative Justice and Peacemaking (University of Minnesota).
RestorativeJustice.org. Links to numerous resources.
U.S. Code. From Cornell University Law School.
U.S. Sentencing Commission. Official proposals for changes in the criminal justice system; links to various governmental and non‑governmental sites.
"We Are All Criminals". A Minnesota site showing that a significant number of its citizens have been convicted of a crime—exploring causes and reintegration.

Resources for "Punishment"